명사와 명사사이에 위치하는 품사 : 전치사 (preposition)

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시제편 - 완료시제 ( 과거완료 , 현재완료, 미래완료 )

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안녕하세요?

문법 공부시간입니다. 오늘은 전치사를 공부해 보겠습니다.

 

전치사란?

명사 ·대명사(또는 그에 준하는 말) 앞에 놓여 다른 명사 ·대명사와의 관계를 나타내는 품사를 일컫습니다. 전치사는 명사와 명사 사이에 위치하며 명사 또는 대명사의 위치, 시간, 방향, 소유 등을 나타냅니다. 대표적으로로 in, on, of, behind, about 등의 단어가 이에 속합니다. 

 

자그럼 이외의 전치사들은 어떠한 것들이 있으며 어떠한 쓰임이 있는지 학습하겠습니다. 

 

 

전치사의 기능 

전치사는 명사와 명사의 사이에 쓰며 명사의 위치나 시간 방향등을 나타내는 것으로 늘 명사와 함께 쓰이므로 그 표현을 전명구라고도 부른다. 이러한 전명구는 품사로서는 형용사, 부사의 역할을 하며 형용사구, 부사구의 기능을 한다. 

 

 <전치사+(대)명사> = 형용사구/부사구

 

(1) 형용사구

형용사구 앞에 위치한 명사를 꾸며주는 역할을 하거나 보어자리에 쓰여 주어를 보충설명해 준다. 
The book on the desk is mine.
He is in good health.

(2) 부사구 

문장이 완료가 되고도 동사나 문장의 전체를 수식하기 위해 쓰이는 전명구가 부사구의 역할을 할수 있다. 
 Put the book on the desk.

★ of + 추상명사/with + 추상명사 

(1) of + 추상명사 = 형용사구

∙of importance/significance/consequence/account/ moment = important
∙of use = useful
∙of value = valuable
∙of ability = able

It is a matter of great importance.
The book is of no use to me.

 

(2) with + 추상명사 = 부사구

∙with ease = easily
∙with kindness = kindly
∙with care = carefully
∙with fluency = fluently

He solved the problem with ease.

★ 혼동하기 쉬운 전치사 

(1)

● by <동작 완료 1회성> : 어느 때까지의
● until/till <동작 계속> : 어느 때까지의

I'll be back by 8 o'clock.
I'll stay here until 8 o'clock.

(2)

● for + 막연한 기간 : ~동안에
● during + 특정한 이름기간 : ~동안에
● since + 시점 : ~이래로, ~이후로

He waited at the hut for six hours.
We enjoyed sea-bathing during the vacation.
We have been here since one o'clock.

(3)

●between A and B(2명) 사이에
●among + 복수명사(3 이상) 사이에

The ship sailed between Korea and Japan.
The ship sailed between the two countries.
Three men quarreled among themselves.

(4)

● near :「～가까이」<전치사>

●nearby :「가까운」<형용사>

 He puts the sewing machine near the window.
We decided to drive to a nearby motel.

(5)

● beside :「～옆에」

● besides :「～외에도」

 He sat beside his father.
There were three people besides me.

(6)

● like :「～처럼」<비교>

● as .:「～로서」<자격>

● alike 형:(서술적)~와 같은 부:똑같이

He swims like a fish. <He ≠ a fish>
He works as a teacher. <He 〓 a teacher>

(7)

● with : 구체적인 도구

● by .: 수단, 방법 

He cut the apple with a knife.
He earns his living by teaching English.

 

★ 전치사에 따라 의미가 달라지는 표현 

(1) consist of :「～로 구성되다」 in :「～에 있다」
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
Happiness consists in contentment.

(2) result in .+ 결과 :「～을 초래하다」 from + 원인 :「～에서 기인하다」
 My efforts resulted in success.
Success resulted from my efforts.

(3) succeed in :「성공하다」 to :「계승하다, 물려받다」
I hope you will succeed in your new job.
He succeeded to the farm.

(4) differ from :「～와 다르다」 .in :「～에 있어서 다르다」

Korean differs from Japanese.
They differ in many respects.

(5) be concerned about :「걱정하다」 . in/with :「관련되다」
We are concerned about his financial situation.
They were deeply concerned in that business.

(6) be made of : <물리적 변화 : 모양만 바뀜> from : <화학적 변화 : 성질까지 바뀜>
Bells are usually made of bronze.
Wine is made from grapes.

(7) 사람 + be familiar with + 사물 :「～에 정통하다」 사물 + to + 사람 :「～에게 알려지다」
I am familiar with English.
You name is familiar to me.

 

★ 전치사의 생략

(1) this, that, last, next, every, all + 시간명사
He will be back on next Sunday. (X)
→ He will be back next Sunday. (O)

(2) today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, nowadays
In nowadays students don't work hard. (X)
→ Nowadays students don't work hard. (O)

★ 전치사구 
(1) according to :「～에 따라서」/「～에 의하면」
The custom changes according to the time.
According to the Bible, God made the world in six days.

▶ according as + S + V
According as the demand increases, prices go up.

(2) apart/aside from :「～은 별도로 하고, ～은 제쳐놓고」
Apart from the question of expense, the project is impracticable.

(3) as a result of :「～의 결과로」
Several people were killed as a result of the accident.

(4) as for :「～에 대하여 말하자면」(= speaking of)
As for me, I will not approve the plan.

(5) as to :「～에 관하여」(= about) = as regards = in/with regard to = in/with respect to
He said nothing as to what he would do.

(6) at the cost/expense of :「～을 희생하여」
He accomplished the task at the cost of his health.

(7) at the mercy of :「～에 좌우되어,~에 지배되는」
The ship was drifting at the mercy of the waves.

(8) at the rate of :「～의 비율[속도]로」
The car ran at the rate of 100 miles an hour.

(9) by means/virtue/dint of :「～에 의하여」
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.

(10) by way of :「～을 경유하여」/「～으로서」
She went to Europe by way of Hong Kong.
I want to say a few words by way of apology.

(11) contrary to : 「～에 반하여」
Contrary to expectations, he won the race.

(12) due to :「～때문에」 = on account of = owing to = because of
 The accident was due to his careless driving.

(13) except for :「～을 제외하고」 = with exception of
The room was obscure except for the light of the fire.

(14) for the purpose of :「～할 목적으로」 = with a view to ～ing
He went to Italy for the purpose of studying music.

(15) for the sake/good/benefit of :「～을 위하여」
He saved money for the sake of his family.

(16) for want/lack of :「～의 결핍 때문에」
 The company failed for want of capital.

(17) in accordance with :「～와 일치하여, ～에 따라서」
The events are scheduled in accordance with the lunar calendar.

(18) in addition to :「～외에도」(= besides)
 In addition to that sum he still owes me 70 dollars.

(19) in answer/response to :「～에 응하여, ～에 답하여」
They sent me a sample in answer to my request.

(20) in/on behalf of :「～을 위하여, ～을 대신하여」
He has done his best in behalf of his company.

(21) in case of :「～의 경우에는」 = in the event of
In case of fire, push the red button.

(22) in contrast to/with :「～와 대조적으로」
 as opposed to : ~와 대조적으로
In contrast to most critical opinions, I myself consider this play superior to that.

(23) in course/process of :「～하는 과정에, ～중에」(= during)

The house is now in course of construction.

(24) in favor of :「～에 찬성하여, ～을 위하여」
I am in favor of the proposition.

(25) in honor of :「～을 축하하여, 경의를 표하여」
We had a farewell party in honor of Mr. Smith.

(26) in proportion to :「～에 비례하여」
Energy use increase in proportion to the rise in temperature.

(27) in search/pursuit of :「～을 찾아서」
We started in search of the lost child.

(28) in spite of :「～에도 불구하고(= despite) = with/for all
He failed in spite of his efforts.

▶ despite 뒤에는 of를 쓸 수 없다.
He failed despite of his efforts. (X)

(29) in terms of :「～의 관점에서」
They see everything in terms of money.

(30) in the absence of :「～이 없을 때는, ～이 없어서」
In the absence of evidence the woman was set free.

(31) instead of :「～대신에」 = in place of
Shall we have fish instead of meat today?

(32) on the basis of :「～을 기초로 하여」
He chose the job on the basis of pay.

(33) regardless of :「～에 관계없이」 = irrespective of = without regard to
Anyone can join the club regardless of age.

(34) thanks to :「～덕분에, ～때문에」
He could succeed thanks to his uncle's help.

(35) just as -> 꼭... 만큼, 꼭...대로, 꼭/바로...처럼
 You are no alone. Everyone is just as busy as you.

Everything else was just as I remembered it.
Just as celebrities add cachet, so do the names of hotels.

(36)as a result of = as a result : 결과적으로

(37) in response to : ~에 응답하여
=> reaction (~에 대한 반응)

 

(38) 기타(ETC)
in spite of : ~에도 불구하고․

in comparison with ~와 비교하면․

on behalf of +사람 ~대신에․

in compliance with ~에 따라․

in addition to 게다가․

in charge of ~을 책임지고 있는, 담당하고 있는․

in favor of ~을 선호하여․

in response to ~에 대한 반응으로, 응답으로․

in terms of ~의 견지(관점)에서․

at the expense of ~의 대가를 치르고서․

on the basis of ~에 기초하여․

in search of ~을 찾아서․

with regard to ~에 관해서는․

as a whole 대체로․

in(=with) reference to ~에 관해서․

in one's opinion ~의 견해로는․

on the rise 증가 중인 ↔in the decline․ in the suburbs 교외에․

in conclusion 결론적으로․

upon(=on) request 요청하자마자 

cf. upon delivery 배달하자마자․

in honor of ~을 축하하며, 경의를 표하며․

without a doubt 의심의 여지없이, 틀림없이․

for future reference 미래에 참고하기 위해․

in detail 상세히, 자세히

 

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