안녕하세요?
조동사 Will / Would / Shall 에 대해 학습을 해 보겠습니다.
각각의 조동사의 쓰임과 뜻 주의 할 점등을 학습할 것이며 궁금하신 사항은 댓글로 남겨주세요. 답변 드리겠습니다. 여러분의 영어 학습에 많은 도움 되길 바랍니다. 영어 마스터 그날까지 반복 또 반복하세요.^^
Ⅳ. Will, Would, Shall
1. 의지조동사
① 주어의 의지를 나타내는 will ~ 할것이다.
이 때의 will은 강하게 발음한다.
∙I will do as I like.
∙I shall be glad if you will help me.
∙She says she will leave here. = She says, "I will leave here."
② 말하는 사람의 의지를 나타내는 shall
∙You shall have higher wages, if you work hard.
= I will give you higher wages, if you work hard.
∙My son shall bring the money to you.
= I will let my son bring the money to you.
∙You shall die. = I will kill you.
③ 상대방의 의지를 묻는 shall, will ~해도 될까요?
∙Shall I shut the window?
∙Will you take it back with you? (의뢰, 권유)
∙Will you pass me the salt, please?
∙Will you have another cup of tea?
∙Shall my daughter go first?
= Do you want me to let my daughter go first?
- Yes, let her go first. - No, you need not.
2. 습관
⋆Will : 현재의 불규칙적 습관. (~하곤하다)
⋆Would : 과거의 불규칙적 습관. (~하곤했다)
*과거의 규칙적습관(used to v)
∙He will often sit up reading all night.
∙He will often come to see me of an evening.
∙He would often come home drunk, and beat his wife.
⋆of an evening : 저녁에 ⋆of late years : 근년에
⋆of a Sunday : 일요일에
⋆of late : 요즈음 |
3. 소망 (wish to, want to)
∙He who would search for pearls, must dive deep.
∙Would that I were young again! = Would to God = I wish
4. 거절, 고집
아무리해도∼하지 않다
∙The door will not open. (현재의 고집)
∙He would not help me. (과거의 고집)
5. 습성, 경향 (He'll과 같이 생략형을 쓸 수가 없다)
∙Accident will happen.
∙Dogs will bark when they see a stranger.
∙Boys will be boys.
6. 기타
∙This vessel will hold 2 gallons of water. (포용력)
∙Would you pass me the salt? (공손)
∙(You will) please do so. (공손)
∙He would be about twenty, when he met her. (추측)
∙This will be your luggage, I suppose. (추측)
⋆will이 명사로 쓰이면 " 의지, 뜻, 의사, 유언 " 등으로 쓰임.
∙He has a strong will. (그는 강한 의지를 갖고 있다)
∙He made his will before his death.
∙I would rather die (than) live in dishonor.
= would sooner = had rather
= I would choose death before life in dishonor.
= I prefer dying to living in dishonor. (전치사 + 명사, 동명사)
= I prefer to die rather than (to) live in dishonor. (불명예스럽게 사느니 죽는 것이 낫다.)
∙Freedom of speech shall not be violated. (법률, 규칙)
∙Nation shall rise against nation. (예언)
Ⅴ. Would, Should
1. Would 의 용법 : would는 will의 과거형이므로 will의 용법에 준한다.
① 과거의 거부, 고집
∙He would not take the money.
② 과거의 습관
∙He would often go swimming in the river while he was in the country.
③ 과거의 추측
∙He would be about twenty when he crossed the Pacific on a yacht alone.
④ would = wish to
∙He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet.
2. Should 의 용법
① 의무, 당연 (should + VR : ~해야한다) = ought to + VR
∙The young should respect the old.
∙You should obey the laws.
② 과거의 비난, 유감, 후회 (should + have + p.p. : ~했어야했는데)
∙You should have worked harder. = ought to = I am sorry (that) you didn't work harder.
= I wish you had worked harder. = Would that = Would to God = If only = You had to work harder, but you didn't.
③ 강한 의문, 놀람, 당연 (의문사 + should)
⋆should가 why, how, who 등의 의문문에서 강한 의문, 놀람, 당연 등으로 쓰이면 도대체 ~인가?의 뜻으로 쓰인다.
∙Why should you stay in Seoul in this hot weather?
∙How should you understand such a difficult problem.
∙Why in the world should I go?
∙What has he done that you should resort to violence? (그가 도대체 무슨 짓을 했다고 네가 폭력을 쓴단 말이냐?)
④ 수사의문문
∙How should I know it? = I don't know at all.
⑤ Who should A but B ? : 도대체 누가 A하는가 했더니 다름 아닌 바로 B이더라.
∙Who should enter the classroom but the principal?
⑥ 이성적 판단의 should.
It is + 형 + that~구문에서 형용사 necessary, important, proper, natural, good, well, right, wrong, rational 등이 오면 that절에 should를 사용한다. (해석할 필요는 없음)
∙It is natural that he should get angry.
= It is natural for him to get angry.
= He may well get angry.
∙It is necessary that you should answer the question.
∙It is right that you should say so.
⑦ 감정적 판단의 should.
⋆It is 다음에 a pity, surprising, odd, strange, curious, wonderful, regrettable 등이 쓰이면 that~에 should를 사용하며, ~하다니 로 해석한다.
⋆should + 동사원형 → 현재의 일.
⋆should + have + p.p. → 과거의 일.
∙It is strange that she should cry all day long.
∙It is a pity that he should have died young.
∙It is surprising that he should study the subject.
⑧주충제요기명희(주장, 명령, 희망, 요구, 기대, 제안, 충고)을 나타내는 경우
⋆(advice, advisable, insist, demand, desire, expect, require, request, propose, move, suggest, order, wish) + that + S + (should) + VR
∙He insisted that he (should) go to the party.
= He insisted on (또는 upon) going to the party.
∙I ordered that he (should) do it himself.
⑨ 기타.
㉠ 추측, 기대
∙He should arrive by the 6:15 train.
∙They should be there by now, I think.
㉡ 완곡한 표현
∙I should like to go to America once more.
㉢ lest ∼ should 용법 : ∼하지 않도록
⋆자체 속에 부정의 뜻을 포함하고 있으므로, should다음에 not을 쓰지 않도록 주의.
⋆lest ∼should = for fear of ∼ing = so that may not
∙Write it down in your notebook lest you should forget it.
∙He lowered his voice for fear that he should be heard.
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